B. Paul’s Teachings
1. Salvation
Who are the people who are going to be saved? That’s the big question, a question our response to the answer of which determines our eternal destiny and impacts the way we live in a major manner. "Salvation" - meaning being saved from the eternal fires of hell and being with God forever. Christians believe that those who believe that Jesus Christ is Lord, God in the flesh and has died for their sins i.e. has paid the penalty for their sins by taking God’s wrath for their sins on himself, are the ones who are going to be saved. I have posed the following question to quite a few Christians, who have been Christians for many years and whose understanding of doctrine I respect, and I have worded the question purposely in this manner –
The answer I get, maybe after some hesitation, is generally "Yes" (some do answer a "No"), and confirms to the belief that "a man is justified by faith apart from observing the law" (Romans 3:28). The books of Romans and Galatians especially work out the principle and its implications in quite some detail, and the understanding of the Christians who believe these to be the Word of God, and who answer "Yes" to the above question seems to be correct and accurately reflecting the logical implications of the doctrine as laid out and worked out in the books of Romans and Galatians. Here are some other select passages to illustrate the doctrine:
Rom 4:5 |
However, to the man who does not work but trusts God who justifies the wicked, his faith is credited as righteousness. |
Rom 3:20 |
Therefore no one will be declared righteous in his sight by observing the law; rather, through the law we become conscious of sin. |
Rom 11:6 |
And if by grace, then it is no longer by works; if it were, grace would no longer be grace. |
Gal 2:16 |
…a man is not justified by observing the law, but by faith in Jesus Christ. So we, too, have put our faith in Christ Jesus that we may be justified by faith in Christ and not by observing the law, because by observing the law no one will be justified. |
Eph 2:8-9 |
For it is by grace you have been saved, through faith-- and this not from yourselves, it is the gift of God-- not by works, so that no one can boast. |
Titus 3:5 |
he saved us, not because of righteous things we had done, but because of his mercy. |
Now, let’s carry out a simple exercise. Let’s take off our Paul-colored glasses for a moment, keep our existing beliefs aside and read the following passages. Let’s read them as they are, without being influenced by our existing beliefs. Be aware of particularly two things – first, in these passages, when Jesus talks about "entering the kingdom of God" (or the equivalent "kingdom of heaven" in Matthew) or "entering eternal life", he is talking about the final day of judgment, when people are going to be judged and sent to their eternal destinies – some to eternal destruction in hell and some to be with Him forever. He is not talking about the kingdom of God coming into their lives in the present, as he does in other places like Matthew 12:28 ("But if I drive out demons by the Spirit of God, then the kingdom of God has come upon you") or Luke 17:20-21 ("The kingdom of God does not come with your careful observation, nor will people say, 'Here it is,' or 'There it is,' because the kingdom of God is within you"). He is talking about the final and complete consummation of the Kingdom of God when He comes again in power and glory, judges the people of this world and decides their eternal destinies. Second, notice that in all these passages, the decision is going to be based in some way or the other on what they have done, not on the basis of their faith alone! Here are the passages:
Matt 5:22 |
But I tell you that anyone who is angry with his brother will be subject to judgment. Again, anyone who says to his brother, 'Raca,' is answerable to the Sanhedrin. But anyone who says, 'You fool!' will be in danger of the fire of hell. |
Matt 5:27-30 |
"You have heard that it was said, 'Do not commit adultery.' But I tell you that anyone who looks at a woman lustfully has already committed adultery with her in his heart. If your right eye causes you to sin, gouge it out and throw it away. It is better for you to lose one part of your body than for your whole body to be thrown into hell. And if your right hand causes you to sin, cut it off and throw it away. It is better for you to lose one part of your body than for your whole body to go into hell. |
Mat 6:14-15 |
"For if you forgive men when they sin against you, your heavenly Father will also forgive you. But if you do not forgive men their sins, your Father will not forgive your sins." |
Matt 7:21-23 |
"Not everyone who says to me, 'Lord, Lord,' will enter the kingdom of heaven, but only he who does the will of my Father who is in heaven. Many will say to me on that day, 'Lord, Lord, did we not prophesy in your name, and in your name drive out demons and perform many miracles?' Then I will tell them plainly, 'I never knew you. Away from me, you evildoers!' |
Matt 10:22 |
(Jesus said,) "All men will hate you because of me, but he who stands firm to the end will be saved." |
Matt 10:32-33 |
"Whoever acknowledges me before men, I will also acknowledge him before my Father in heaven. But whoever disowns me before men, I will disown him before my Father in heaven." |
Matt 12:31-32 |
"And so I tell you, every sin and blasphemy will be forgiven men, but the blasphemy against the Spirit will not be forgiven. Anyone who speaks a word against the Son of Man will be forgiven, but anyone who speaks against the Holy Spirit will not be forgiven, either in this age or in the age to come. " |
Matt 12:36-37 |
"But I tell you that men will have to give account on the day of judgment for every careless word they have spoken. For by your words you will be acquitted, and by your words you will be condemned." |
Matt 18:7-9 |
"Woe to the world because of the things that cause people to sin! Such things must come, but woe to the man through whom they come! If your hand or your foot causes you to sin cut it off and throw it away. It is better for you to enter life maimed or crippled than to have two hands or two feet and be thrown into eternal fire. And if your eye causes you to sin, gouge it out and throw it away. It is better for you to enter life with one eye than to have two eyes and be thrown into the fire of hell. |
Matt 18:34-35 |
(concluding the parable of the unmerciful servant who had not forgiven a small debt even though his own much larger debt had been forgiven) "…In anger his master turned him over to the jailers to be tortured, until he should pay back all he owed. This is how my heavenly Father will treat each of you unless you forgive your brother from your heart." |
Matt 19:16-21 |
(also in Mark 10:17-21 and Luke 18:18-22) Now a man came up to Jesus and asked, "Teacher, what good thing must I do to get eternal life?" "Why do you ask me about what is good?" Jesus replied. "There is only One who is good. If you want to enter life, obey the commandments." "Which ones?" the man inquired. Jesus replied, "'Do not murder, do not commit adultery, do not steal, do not give false testimony, honor your father and mother,' and 'love your neighbor as yourself.'" "All these I have kept," the young man said. "What do I still lack?" Jesus answered, "If you want to be perfect, go, sell your possessions and give to the poor, and you will have treasure in heaven. Then come, follow me." (Note the distinction here between being saved and getting rewards – the man would have eternal life i.e. be saved, if he obeyed the commandments, but would be perfect and will have additional treasure in heaven if he went radically beyond that) |
Matt 25:31-46 |
"When the Son of Man comes in his glory, and all the angels with him, he will sit on his throne in heavenly glory. All the nations will be gathered before him, and he will separate the people one from another as a shepherd separates the sheep from the goats. He will put the sheep on his right and the goats on his left. "Then the King will say to those on his right, 'Come, you who are blessed by my Father; take your inheritance, the kingdom prepared for you since the creation of the world. For I was hungry and you gave me something to eat, I was thirsty and you gave me something to drink, I was a stranger and you invited me in, I needed clothes and you clothed me, I was sick and you looked after me, I was in prison and you came to visit me.' "Then the righteous will answer him, 'Lord, when did we see you hungry and feed you, or thirsty and give you something to drink? When did we see you a stranger and invite you in, or needing clothes and clothe you? When did we see you sick or in prison and go to visit you?' "The King will reply, 'I tell you the truth, whatever you did for one of the least of these brothers of mine, you did for me.' "Then he will say to those on his left, 'Depart from me, you who are cursed, into the eternal fire prepared for the devil and his angels. For I was hungry and you gave me nothing to eat, I was thirsty and you gave me nothing to drink, I was a stranger and you did not invite me in, I needed clothes and you did not clothe me, I was sick and in prison and you did not look after me.' "They also will answer, 'Lord, when did we see you hungry or thirsty or a stranger or needing clothes or sick or in prison, and did not help you?' "He will reply, 'I tell you the truth, whatever you did not do for one of the least of these, you did not do for me.' "Then they will go away to eternal punishment, but the righteous to eternal life." |
Mark 3:28-29 |
"I tell you the truth, all the sins and blasphemies of men will be forgiven them. But whoever blasphemes against the Holy Spirit will never be forgiven; he is guilty of an eternal sin." |
Mark 8:38 |
"If anyone is ashamed of me and my words in this adulterous and sinful generation, the Son of Man will be ashamed of him when he comes in his Father's glory with the holy angels. " |
Mark 9:43-48 |
"If your hand causes you to sin, cut it off. It is better for you to enter life maimed than with two hands to go into hell, where the fire never goes out. And if your foot causes you to sin, cut it off. It is better for you to enter life crippled than to have two feet and be thrown into hell. And if your eye causes you to sin, pluck it out. It is better for you to enter the kingdom of God with one eye than to have two eyes and be thrown into hell, where "'their worm does not die, and the fire is not quenched.' |
Mark 11:25-26 |
And when you stand praying, if you hold anything against anyone, forgive him, so that your Father in heaven may forgive you your sins. (and, only in KJV) But if you do not forgive, neither will your Father who is in heaven forgive your trespasses." |
Luke 6:37 |
"Do not judge, and you will not be judged. Do not condemn, and you will not be condemned. Forgive, and you will be forgiven." |
Luke 9:24-26 |
"For whoever wants to save his life will lose it, but whoever loses his life for me will save it. What good is it for a man to gain the whole world, and yet lose or forfeit his very self? If anyone is ashamed of me and my words, the Son of Man will be ashamed of him when he comes in his glory and in the glory of the Father and of the holy angels." |
Luke 10:25-28 |
On one occasion an expert in the law stood up to test Jesus. "Teacher," he asked, "what must I do to inherit eternal life?" "What is written in the Law?" he replied. "How do you read it?" He answered: "'Love the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your strength and with all your mind'; and, 'Love your neighbor as yourself.'" "You have answered correctly," Jesus replied. "Do this and you will live." |
Luke 12:8-10 |
"I tell you, whoever acknowledges me before men, the Son of Man will also acknowledge him before the angels of God. But he who disowns me before men will be disowned before the angels of God. And everyone who speaks a word against the Son of Man will be forgiven, but anyone who blasphemes against the Holy Spirit will not be forgiven. |
Luke 13:1-5 |
Now there were some present at that time who told Jesus about the Galileans whose blood Pilate had mixed with their sacrifices. Jesus answered, "Do you think that these Galileans were worse sinners than all the other Galileans because they suffered this way? I tell you, no! But unless you repent, you too will all perish. Or those eighteen who died when the tower in Siloam fell on them-- do you think they were more guilty than all the others living in Jerusalem? I tell you, no! But unless you repent, you too will all perish." |
Luke 13:22-30 |
Then Jesus went through the towns and villages, teaching as he made his way to Jerusalem. Someone asked him, "Lord, are only a few people going to be saved?" He said to them, "Make every effort to enter through the narrow door, because many, I tell you, will try to enter and will not be able to. Once the owner of the house gets up and closes the door, you will stand outside knocking and pleading, 'Sir, open the door for us.' "But he will answer, 'I don't know you or where you come from.' "Then you will say, 'We ate and drank with you, and you taught in our streets.' "But he will reply, 'I don't know you or where you come from. Away from me, all you evildoers!' "There will be weeping there, and gnashing of teeth, when you see Abraham, Isaac and Jacob and all the prophets in the kingdom of God, but you yourselves thrown out. People will come from east and west and north and south, and will take their places at the feast in the kingdom of God. Indeed there are those who are last who will be first, and first who will be last." |
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One of the common reasons given to explain away these passages is that Jesus is talking about rewards. However it is plain from the wording of these passages that he is not. When he talks about rewards he does so plainly and uses the appropriate words, as in the following passages:
Mat 5:11-12 |
"Blessed are you when people insult you, persecute you and falsely say all kinds of evil against you because of me. Rejoice and be glad, because great is your reward in heaven, for in the same way they persecuted the prophets who were before you. |
Mat 5:46-47 |
If you love those who love you, what reward will you get? Are not even the tax collectors doing that? And if you greet only your brothers, what are you doing more than others? Do not even pagans do that? |
Mat 6:1-6 |
"Be careful not to do your 'acts of righteousness' before men, to be seen by them. If you do, you will have no reward from your Father in heaven. "So when you give to the needy, do not announce it with trumpets, as the hypocrites do in the synagogues and on the streets, to be honored by men. I tell you the truth, they have received their reward in full. But when you give to the needy, do not let your left hand know what your right hand is doing, so that your giving may be in secret. Then your Father, who sees what is done in secret, will reward you. "And when you pray, do not be like the hypocrites, for they love to pray standing in the synagogues and on the street corners to be seen by men. I tell you the truth, they have received their reward in full. But when you pray, go into your room, close the door and pray to your Father, who is unseen. Then your Father, who sees what is done in secret, will reward you. |
Mat 6:16-18 |
"When you fast, do not look somber as the hypocrites do, for they disfigure their faces to show men they are fasting. I tell you the truth, they have received their reward in full. But when you fast, put oil on your head and wash your face, so that it will not be obvious to men that you are fasting, but only to your Father, who is unseen; and your Father, who sees what is done in secret, will reward you. |
Mat 10:41-42 |
Anyone who receives a prophet because he is a prophet will receive a prophet's reward, and anyone who receives a righteous man because he is a righteous man will receive a righteous man's reward. And if anyone gives even a cup of cold water to one of these little ones because he is my disciple, I tell you the truth, he will certainly not lose his reward." |
Mat 16:27 |
For the Son of Man is going to come in his Father's glory with his angels, and then he will reward each person according to what he has done. |
Mark 9:41 |
I tell you the truth, anyone who gives you a cup of water in my name because you belong to Christ will certainly not lose his reward. |
Luke 6:22-23 |
Blessed are you when men hate you, when they exclude you and insult you and reject your name as evil, because of the Son of Man. "Rejoice in that day and leap for joy, because great is your reward in heaven. For that is how their fathers treated the prophets. |
Luke 6:35 |
But love your enemies, do good to them, and lend to them without expecting to get anything back. Then your reward will be great, and you will be sons of the Most High, because he is kind to the ungrateful and wicked. |
It is in these passages that Jesus talks about rewards. But in the earlier group of passages, the ones quoted before that, Jesus is clearly saying that in some way or the other, whether a person is going to be condemned to hell or not is itself going to be determined by his actions and the way he has lived his life, and not his faith alone.
I am aware that Christians love the words "Salvation by faith alone" and have a mind-block against the words "Salvation by works." But in Jesus’ words, we see little of "Salvation by faith alone", and loads of "salvation by works." This is the first major problem area, and here we have only covered ground where Paul’s teachings come in conflict with Jesus’. My own thorough study on the subject of salvation is found in the pages Salvation: The Lie of Easy-Believism and the Truth of the Bible and What does "Salvation by Faith in Jesus" mean Biblically?. and the reader can go through that to get the complete picture.
2. The Law
We now come to the second major problem area – the law. Here too we cover only the part where Paul’s view and teachings regarding the law come in conflict with Jesus’ and the rest of the Bible’s. The complete study on the subject of the law is found in the page The place of the Law in Salvation. and the reader can go through that to get the complete picture.
Our doctrines have to be primarily based on Jesus’ words. Anybody else’s words should be looked at later. They can be accepted if they fit into Jesus’ words. If they contradict Jesus’ words, they have to be rejected. So before we look at Paul’s teaching on the law, we have to be clear as to what Jesus taught regarding the law:
Mat 5:17-19 |
"Do not think that I have come to abolish the Law or the Prophets; I have not come to abolish them but to make them complete. I tell you the truth, until heaven and earth disappear, not the smallest letter, not the least stroke of a pen, will by any means disappear from the Law until everything is accomplished. Anyone who breaks one of the least of these commandments and teaches others to do the same will be called least in the kingdom of heaven, but whoever practices and teaches these commands will be called great in the kingdom of heaven." |
Luke 16:17 |
"It is easier for heaven and earth to disappear than for the least stroke of a pen to drop out of the Law." |
(Note: The Greek word "pleroosai" at the end of Matt 5:17 is generally translated "fulfil" in most English translations. That is a mistranslation. The Strong’s definition of "pleroosai" (4137) is "to make replete i.e. literally to cram (a net), level up (a hollow)." To make complete what was incomplete. To fill to the full. This meaning also fits in beautifully into the context – "make complete what was incomplete" is precisely what Jesus does in the six examples in Matt 5:21-48. In effect, Jesus is saying, "The law that Moses gave was incomplete. I am now making it complete. What you received was like a glass half-full of water. I am now filling it up to the brim.")
Paul bluntly contradicts Jesus by maintaining that the Law has been done away with! "He forgave us all our sins, having canceled the written code, with its regulations, that was against us and that stood opposed to us; he took it away, nailing it to the cross," he says in Col 2:13-14, repeating the belief in Eph 2:14-15 - "For he himself is our peace, who has made the two one and has destroyed the barrier, the dividing wall of hostility, by abolishing in his flesh the law with its commandments and regulations." In Gal 3:24-25, he says, "The law was put in charge to lead us to Christ that we might be justified by faith. Now that faith has come, we are no longer under the supervision of the law." Summing up the belief in Romans 10:4, he says, "Christ is the end of the law so that there may be righteousness for everyone who believes." So according to Paul, the law was temporary, and it is no longer in force, having been done away by Jesus!
(Note: Actually Eph 2:14-15 in the NIV is a horrible mistranslation. The "has been abolished" should not be applied to the "law with its commandments and regulations", but to "the dividing wall of hostility" as the KJV rightly does, since the next verse continues to explain the result of this action by saying "having slain the enmity thereby." In this verse at least, it is the "enmity" which has been slain, not "the law!" Nevertheless, from his other statements, it is quite clear that Paul believed that the Law has been done away with, that too by the very same person who said, "Do not think that I have come to abolish the Law or the Prophets; I have not come to abolish them but to make them complete.")
Contrary to popular belief, the book of Hebrews agrees with Jesus’ words and not Paul’s. The author says in 8:13, "By calling this covenant "new," he has made the first one obsolete; and what is obsolete and aging will soon disappear." Now "will soon disappear" is quite different from "has disappeared," indeed "will soon disappear" means "has not yet disappeared" and "is still there."
Support for the belief (that the law was temporary and has been done away with) is sought in Jeremiah’s prophecy in Jer 31:31. However the terms of this covenant are very clear – it is not that God is going to "do away with the law!" On the contrary, the covenant was that He will "put His law in their minds and write it on their hearts!" And this covenant was to be with "the house of Israel and with the house of Judah" (Jer 31:31-33), not with the Gentiles!
But not only does Jesus say that the law will never pass away (Mat 5:18 and Luke 16:17), he himself consciously upholds the law and teaches others to do the same. After the cleansing of the leper (Mt. 8:1-4, Mark 1:40-44 and Luke 5:12-14), Jesus tells him to "go, show himself to the priest and offer the gift Moses commanded, as a testimony to them." In Mat 23:2-3, Jesus tells the crowds to obey the law without imitating the Pharisees’ hypocrisy: "The teachers of the law and the Pharisees sit in Moses' seat. So you must obey them and do everything they tell you. But do not do what they do, for they do not practice what they preach."
He also upbraids the Pharisees for not living according to the intent of the law. In Mark 7:9-13, when the Pharisees and teachers of the law came to test him, Jesus replied, "You have a fine way of setting aside the commands of God in order to observe your own traditions! For Moses said, 'Honor your father and your mother,' and, 'Anyone who curses his father or mother must be put to death.' But you say that if a man says to his father or mother: 'Whatever help you might otherwise have received from me is Corban' (that is, a gift devoted to God), then you no longer let him do anything for his father or
mother. Thus you nullify the word of God by your tradition that you have handed down. And you do many things like that." Again in Mark 10:3, when some Pharisees came and tested him, he sought to draw them back to the law by asking back, "What did Moses command you?"
But not only does Jesus say that the law will never pass away (Mat 5:18 and Luke 16:17), not only does he consciously uphold it himself and teaches others to do the same, but goes further and says that whoever does so will be called "great" in God’s kingdom! "Anyone who breaks one of the least of these commandments and teaches others to do the same will be called least in the kingdom of heaven, but whoever practices and teaches these commands will be called great in the kingdom of heaven" (Mat 5:19).
Even more, Jesus says that obedience to the law is the way to eternal life: On one occasion an expert in the law stood up to test Jesus. "Teacher," he asked, "what must I do to inherit eternal life?" "What is written in the Law?" he replied. "How do you read it?" He answered: "'Love the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your strength and with all your mind' ; and, 'Love your neighbor as yourself.' " "You have answered correctly," Jesus replied. "Do this and you will live." (Luke 10:25-28). Similarly in Mat 19:16-17, Mark 10:17-19 and Luke 18:18-20, when the man asked Jesus, "Teacher, what good thing must I do to get eternal life?", Jesus answers, "If you want to enter life, obey the commandments."
Furthermore, not only all this, but according to Isaiah, a prophet authenticated by Jesus, knowledge of the law will actually spread in the last days:
Isa 2:2-3 |
In the last days the mountain of the Lord's temple will be established as chief among the mountains; it will be raised above the hills, and all nations will stream to it. Many peoples will come and say, "Come, let us go up to the mountain of the LORD, to the house of the God of Jacob. He will teach us his ways, so that we may walk in his paths." The law will go out from Zion, the word of the LORD from Jerusalem. |
Isa 51:4 |
"Listen to me, my people; hear me, my nation: The law will go out from me; my justice will become a light to the nations. |
With this in mind, we can now examine Paul’s teachings regarding the law. When we do a study of what Paul taught regarding the law, we find that his view flatly contradicts Jesus’ teaching, and the Old Testament understanding of the law. Jesus upheld the Old Testament as the Word of God and authenticated the psalmists and OT prophets as men of God. There is no such authentication from Jesus for Paul. Such authentication was to be expected in the book of Revelation, which describes events after Paul taught what he taught and did what he did. In the book of Revelation, Jesus praises and appreciates whom he wants to praise and appreciate. But let alone praise, appreciation or even authentication, the book of Revelation contains negative symbols (false prophet, 666) which provide a very good fit to Paul!
We examine Paul’s teaching regarding the law under ten headings. Five of them directly contradict Jesus and the OT view of the law. According to Paul,
In flat contradiction to all this, when one studies the Old Testament, which was authenticated by Jesus as the Word of God, we find the following, which is the exact opposite:
And indeed, to continue, we also find that –
Let’s look at these briefly.
i. No Righteousness through the Law?
Paul clearly asserted that no one would be justified by obeying the law, and that righteousness could not be gained by obeying the law, as seen in the following quotes:
Acts 13:39 |
Through him everyone who believes is justified from everything you could not be justified from by the law of Moses. |
Rom 3:20 |
Therefore no one will be declared righteous in his sight by observing the law; rather, through the law we become conscious of sin. |
Gal 2:15-16 |
"We who are Jews by birth and not 'Gentile sinners' know that a man is not justified by observing the law, but by faith in Jesus Christ. So we, too, have put our faith in Christ Jesus that we may be justified by faith in Christ and not by observing the law, because by observing the law no one will be justified. |
Gal 2:21 |
I do not set aside the grace of God, for if righteousness could be gained through the law, Christ died for nothing!" |
Gal 3:11 |
Clearly no one is justified before God by the law, because, "The righteous will live by faith." |
Gal 3:21 |
Is the law, therefore, opposed to the promises of God? Absolutely not! For if a law had been given that could impart life, then righteousness would certainly have come by the law. |
Phil 3:8-9 |
What is more, I consider everything a loss compared to the surpassing greatness of knowing Christ Jesus my Lord, for whose sake I have lost all things. I consider them rubbish, that I may gain Christ and be found in him, not having a righteousness of my own that comes from the law, but that which is through faith in Christ--the righteousness that comes from God and is by faith. |
Now let’s look at what the Old Testament, authenticated by Jesus as the Word-of-God, says in this matter. The concept of a final judgment of God, with the consequent dispatch to either heaven or hell, was not clearly defined before Jesus. It was there, but it was first clearly and sharply defined only by Jesus. So in the Old Testament, we do not find references to either an "eternal fire" or "eternal life," to "heaven" or "hell." But what was definitely clearly defined was being in a state of "righteousness" before God. Many of the Old Testament people of God, and certainly all the prophets and "righteous" men of God, lived with a keen sense of being "righteous" before God as the following long list of quotations shows (in fact in many of them, God himself explicitly calls them "righteous"):
Gen 6:9 |
This is the account of Noah. Noah was a righteous man, blameless among the people of his time, and he walked with God. |
Gen 7:1 |
The LORD then said to Noah, "Go into the ark, you and your whole family, because I have found you righteous in this generation. |
Gen 18:23-33 |
Then Abraham approached him and said: "Will you sweep away the righteous with the wicked? What if there are fifty righteous people in the city? Will you really sweep it away and not spare the place for the sake of the fifty righteous people in it? Far be it from you to do such a thing-- to kill the righteous with the wicked, treating the righteous and the wicked alike. Far be it from you! Will not the Judge of all the earth do right?" The LORD said, "If I find fifty righteous people in the city of Sodom, I will spare the whole place for their sake." Then Abraham spoke up again: "Now that I have been so bold as to speak to the Lord, though I am nothing but dust and ashes, what if the number of the righteous is five less than fifty? Will you destroy the whole city because of five people?" "If I find forty-five there," he said, "I will not destroy it." Once again he spoke to him, "What if only forty are found there?" He said, "For the sake of forty, I will not do it." Then he said, "May the Lord not be angry, but let me speak. What if only thirty can be found there?" He answered, "I will not do it if I find thirty there." Abraham said, "Now that I have been so bold as to speak to the Lord, what if only twenty can be found there?" He said, "For the sake of twenty, I will not destroy it." Then he said, "May the Lord not be angry, but let me speak just once more. What if only ten can be found there?" He answered, "For the sake of ten, I will not destroy it." When the LORD had finished speaking with Abraham, he left, and Abraham returned home. |
Exo 23:8 |
"Do not accept a bribe, for a bribe blinds those who see and twists the words of the righteous. |
Num 23:10 |
Who can count the dust of Jacob or number the fourth part of Israel? Let me die the death of the righteous, and may my end be like theirs!" |
Deu 16:19 |
Do not pervert justice or show partiality. Do not accept a bribe, for a bribe blinds the eyes of the wise and twists the words of the righteous. |
2 Sam 22:21-25 |
(David saying:) "The LORD has dealt with me according to my righteousness; according to the cleanness of my hands he has rewarded me. For I have kept the ways of the LORD; I have not done evil by turning from my God. All his laws are before me; I have not turned away from his decrees. I have been blameless before him and have kept myself from sin. The LORD has rewarded me according to my righteousness, according to my cleanness in his sight. (repeated in Psa 18:20-24) |
1 Ki 3:6 |
Solomon answered, "You have shown great kindness to your servant, my father David, because he was faithful to you and righteous and upright in heart. You have continued this great kindness to him… |
Job 1:1 |
In the land of Uz there lived a man whose name was Job. This man was blameless and upright; he feared God and shunned evil. |
Job 1:8 |
Then the LORD said to Satan, "Have you considered my servant Job? There is no one on earth like him; he is blameless and upright, a man who fears God and shuns evil." |
Job 2:3 |
Then the LORD said to Satan, "Have you considered my servant Job There is no one on earth like him; he is blameless and upright, a man who fears God and shuns evil. And he still maintains his integrity, though you incited me against him to ruin him without any reason." |
Job 27:6 |
I will maintain my righteousness and never let go of it; my conscience will not reproach me as long as I live. |
Job 29:14 |
I put on righteousness as my clothing; justice was my robe and my turban. |
Job 36:7 |
He does not take his eyes off the righteous; he enthrones them with kings and exalts them forever. |
Psa 1:5-6 |
Therefore the wicked will not stand in the judgment, nor sinners in the assembly of the righteous. For the LORD watches over the way of the righteous, but the way of the wicked will perish. |
Psa 5:12 |
For surely, O LORD, you bless the righteous; you surround them with your favor as with a shield. |
Psa 7:9 |
O righteous God, who searches minds and hearts, bring to an end the violence of the wicked and make the righteous secure. |
Psa 11:3 |
When the foundations are being destroyed, what can the righteous do ?" |
Psa 11:5 |
The LORD examines the righteous, but the wicked and those who love violence his soul hates. |
Psa 14:5 |
There they are, overwhelmed with dread, for God is present in the company of the righteous. |
Psa 15:2 |
He whose walk is blameless and who does what is righteous, who speaks the truth from his heart |
Psa 31:18 |
Let their lying lips be silenced, for with pride and contempt they speak arrogantly against the righteous. |
Psa 32:11 |
Rejoice in the LORD and be glad, you righteous; sing, all you who are upright in heart! |
Psa 33:1 |
Sing joyfully to the LORD, you righteous; it is fitting for the upright to praise him. |
Psa 34:15-21 |
The eyes of the LORD are on the righteous and his ears are attentive to their cry; the face of the LORD is against those who do evil, to cut off the memory of them from the earth. The righteous cry out, and the LORD hears them; he delivers them from all their troubles. The LORD is close to the brokenhearted and saves those who are crushed in spirit. A righteous man may have many troubles, but the LORD delivers him from them all; he protects all his bones, not one of them will be broken. Evil will slay the wicked; the foes of the righteous will be condemned. |
Psa 36:10 |
Continue your love to those who know you, your righteousness to the upright in heart. |
Ps 37:12-40 |
The wicked… take refuge in him. |
Psa 37:37 |
Consider the blameless, observe the upright; there is a future for the man of peace. |
Psa 52:6 |
The righteous will see and fear; they will laugh at him, saying, |
Psa 52:7 |
"Here now is the man who did not make God his stronghold but trusted in his great wealth and grew strong by destroying others!" |
Psa 55:22 |
Cast your cares on the LORD and he will sustain you; he will never let the righteous fall. |
Psa 58:10-11 |
The righteous will be glad when they are avenged, when they bathe their feet in the blood of the wicked. Then men will say, "Surely the righteous still are rewarded; surely there is a God who judges the earth." |
Psa 64:10 |
Let the righteous rejoice in the LORD and take refuge in him; let all the upright in heart praise him! |
Psa 68:3 |
But may the righteous be glad and rejoice before God; may they be happy and joyful. |
Psa 69:28 |
May they be blotted out of the book of life and not be listed with the righteous. |
Psa 72:7 |
In his days the righteous will flourish; prosperity will abound till the moon is no more. |
Psa 75:10 |
I will cut off the horns of all the wicked, but the horns of the righteous will be lifted up. |
Psa 92:12 |
The righteous will flourish like a palm tree, they will grow like a cedar of Lebanon; |
Psa 94:21 |
They band together against the righteous and condemn the innocent to death. |
Psa 97:11 |
Light is shed upon the righteous and joy on the upright in heart. |
Psa 97:12 |
Rejoice in the LORD, you who are righteous, and praise his holy name. |
Psa 118:15 |
Shouts of joy and victory resound in the tents of the righteous: "The Lord's right hand has done mighty things! |
Psa 118:20 |
This is the gate of the LORD through which the righteous may enter. |
Psa 125:3 |
The scepter of the wicked will not remain over the land allotted to the righteous, for then the righteous might use their hands to do evil. |
Psa 140:13 |
Surely the righteous will praise your name and the upright will live before you. |
Psa 141:5 |
Let a righteous man strike me--it is a kindness; let him rebuke me--it is oil on my head. My head will not refuse it. Yet my prayer is ever against the deeds of evildoers; |
Psa 142:7 |
Set me free from my prison, that I may praise your name. Then the righteous will gather about me because of your goodness to me. |
Psa 146:8 |
the LORD gives sight to the blind, the LORD lifts up those who are bowed down, the LORD loves the righteous. |
Prov 2:20 |
Thus you will walk in the ways of good men and keep to the paths of the righteous. |
Prov 2:21 |
For the upright will live in the land, and the blameless will remain in it; |
Prov 3:32 |
for the LORD detests a perverse man but takes the upright into his confidence. |
Prov 3:33 |
The Lord's curse is on the house of the wicked, but he blesses the home of the righteous. |
Prov 4:18 |
The path of the righteous is like the first gleam of dawn, shining ever brighter till the full light of day. |
Prov 9:9 |
Instruct a wise man and he will be wiser still; teach a righteous man and he will add to his learning. |
Prov 10:3 |
The LORD does not let the righteous go hungry but he thwarts the craving of the wicked. |
Prov 10:6 |
Blessings crown the head of the righteous, but violence overwhelms the mouth of the wicked. |
Prov 10:7 |
The memory of the righteous will be a blessing, but the name of the wicked will rot. |
Prov 10:11 |
The mouth of the righteous is a fountain of life, but violence overwhelms the mouth of the wicked. |
Prov 10:16 |
The wages of the righteous bring them life, but the income of the wicked brings them punishment. |
Prov 10:20 |
The tongue of the righteous is choice silver, but the heart of the wicked is of little value. |
Prov 10:21 |
The lips of the righteous nourish many, but fools die for lack of judgment. |
Prov 10:24 |
What the wicked dreads will overtake him; what the righteous desire will be granted. |
Prov 10:25 |
When the storm has swept by, the wicked are gone, but the righteous stand firm forever. |
Prov 10:28 |
The prospect of the righteous is joy, but the hopes of the wicked come to nothing. |
Prov 10:29 |
The way of the LORD is a refuge for the righteous, but it is the ruin of those who do evil. |
Prov 10:30 |
The righteous will never be uprooted, but the wicked will not remain in the land. |
Prov 10:31 |
The mouth of the righteous brings forth wisdom, but a perverse tongue will be cut out. |
Prov 10:32 |
The lips of the righteous know what is fitting, but the mouth of the wicked only what is perverse. |
Prov 11:4 |
Wealth is worthless in the day of wrath, but righteousness delivers from death. |
Prov 11:5 |
The righteousness of the blameless makes a straight way for them, but the wicked are brought down by their own wickedness. |
Prov 11:6 |
The righteousness of the upright delivers them, but the unfaithful are trapped by evil desires. |
Prov 11:8 |
The righteous man is rescued from trouble, and it comes on the wicked instead. |
Prov 11:9 |
With his mouth the godless destroys his neighbor, but through knowledge the righteous escape. |
Prov 11:10 |
When the righteous prosper, the city rejoices; when the wicked perish, there are shouts of joy. |
Prov 11:19 |
The truly righteous man attains life, but he who pursues evil goes to his death. |
Prov 11:20 |
The LORD detests men of perverse heart but he delights in those whose ways are blameless. |
Prov 11:21 |
Be sure of this: The wicked will not go unpunished, but those who are righteous will go free. |
Prov 11:22 |
Like a gold ring in a pig's snout is a beautiful woman who shows no discretion. |
Prov 11:23 |
The desire of the righteous ends only in good, but the hope of the wicked only in wrath. |
Prov 11:28 |
Whoever trusts in his riches will fall, but the righteous will thrive like a green leaf. |
Prov 11:30 |
The fruit of the righteous is a tree of life, and he who wins souls is wise. |
Prov 11:31 |
If the righteous receive their due on earth, how much more the ungodly and the sinner! |
Prov 12:3 |
A man cannot be established through wickedness, but the righteous cannot be uprooted. |
Prov 12:4 |
A wife of noble character is her husband's crown, but a disgraceful wife is like decay in his bones. |
Prov 12:5 |
The plans of the righteous are just, but the advice of the wicked is deceitful. |
Prov 12:7 |
Wicked men are overthrown and are no more, but the house of the righteous stands firm. |
Prov 12:10 |
A righteous man cares for the needs of his animal, but the kindest acts of the wicked are cruel. |
Prov 12:12 |
The wicked desire the plunder of evil men, but the root of the righteous flourishes. |
Prov 12:13 |
An evil man is trapped by his sinful talk, but a righteous man escapes trouble. |
Prov 12:21 |
No harm befalls the righteous, but the wicked have their fill of trouble. |
Prov 12:26 |
A righteous man is cautious in friendship, but the way of the wicked leads them astray. |
Prov 13:5 |
The righteous hate what is false, but the wicked bring shame and disgrace. |
Prov 13:9 |
The light of the righteous shines brightly, but the lamp of the wicked is snuffed out. |
Prov 13:21 |
Misfortune pursues the sinner, but prosperity is the reward of the righteous. |
Prov 13:22 |
A good man leaves an inheritance for his children's children, but a sinner's wealth is stored up for the righteous. |
Prov 13:25 |
The righteous eat to their hearts' content, but the stomach of the wicked goes hungry. |
Prov 14:19 |
Evil men will bow down in the presence of the good, and the wicked at the gates of the righteous. |
Prov 14:32 |
When calamity comes, the wicked are brought down, but even in death the righteous have a refuge. |
Prov 15:6 |
The house of the righteous contains great treasure, but the income of the wicked brings them trouble. |
Prov 15:28 |
The heart of the righteous weighs its answers, but the mouth of the wicked gushes evil. |
Prov 15:29 |
The LORD is far from the wicked but he hears the prayer of the righteous. |
Prov 16:31 |
Gray hair is a crown of splendor; it is attained by a righteous life. |
Prov 18:10 |
The name of the LORD is a strong tower; the righteous run to it and are safe. |
Prov 20:7 |
The righteous man leads a blameless life; blessed are his children after him. |
Prov 21:15 |
When justice is done, it brings joy to the righteous but terror to evildoers. |
Prov 21:26 |
All day long he craves for more, but the righteous give without sparing. |
Prov 23:24 |
The father of a righteous man has great joy; he who has a wise son delights in him. |
Prov 24:15-16 |
Do not lie in wait like an outlaw against a righteous man's house, do not raid his dwelling place; for though a righteous man falls seven times, he rises again, but the wicked are brought down by calamity. |
Prov 25:26 |
Like a muddied spring or a polluted well is a righteous man who gives way to the wicked. |
Prov 28:1 |
The wicked man flees though no one pursues, but the righteous are as bold as a lion. |
Prov 28:12 |
When the righteous triumph, there is great elation; but when the wicked rise to power, men go into hiding. |
Prov 28:28 |
When the wicked rise to power, people go into hiding; but when the wicked perish, the righteous thrive. |
Prov 29:2 |
When the righteous thrive, the people rejoice; when the wicked rule, the people groan. |
Prov 29:6 |
An evil man is snared by his own sin, but a righteous one can sing and be glad. |
Prov 29:7 |
The righteous care about justice for the poor, but the wicked have no such concern. |
Prov 29:16 |
When the wicked thrive, so does sin, but the righteous will see their downfall. |
Prov 29:27 |
The righteous detest the dishonest; the wicked detest the upright. |
Eccl 3:17 |
I thought in my heart, "God will bring to judgment both the righteous and the wicked, for there will be a time for every activity, a time for every deed." |
Isa 3:10 |
Tell the righteous it will be well with them, for they will enjoy the fruit of their deeds. |
Isa 42:21 |
It pleased the LORD for the sake of his righteousness to make his law great and glorious. |
Isa 57:1 |
The righteous perish, and no one ponders it in his heart; devout men are taken away, and no one understands that the righteous are taken away to be spared from evil. |
Lam 4:13 |
But it happened because of the sins of her prophets and the iniquities of her priests, who shed within her the blood of the righteous. |
Ezek 14:13-14 |
"Son of man, if a country sins against me by being unfaithful and I stretch out my hand against it to cut off its food supply and send famine upon it and kill its men and their animals, even if these three men--Noah, Daniel and Job--were in it, they could save only themselves by their righteousness, declares the Sovereign LORD. (also in verse 20) |
Amos 5:12 |
For I know how many are your offenses and how great your sins. You oppress the righteous and take bribes and you deprive the poor of justice in the courts. |
Hab 1:4 |
Therefore the law is paralyzed, and justice never prevails. The wicked hem in the righteous, so that justice is perverted. |
Mal 3:18 |
And you will again see the distinction between the righteous and the wicked, between those who serve God and those who do not. |
Deu 6:25 | And if we are careful to obey all this law before the LORD our God, as he has commanded us, that will be our righteousness." |
2 Sam 22:21-25 |
"The LORD has dealt with me according to my righteousness; according to the cleanness of my hands he has rewarded me. For I have kept the ways of the LORD; I have not done evil by turning from my God. All his laws are before me; I have not turned away from his decrees.I have been blameless before him and have kept myself from sin. The LORD has rewarded me according to my righteousness, according to my cleanness in his sight. |
Psa 1:1-6 |
Blessed is the man who does not walk in the counsel of the wicked or stand in the way of sinners or sit in the seat of mockers. But his delight is in the law of the LORD, and on his law he meditates day and night. He is like a tree planted by streams of water, which yields its fruit in season and whose leaf does not wither. Whatever he does prospers. Not so the wicked! They are like chaff that the wind blows away. Therefore the wicked will not stand in the judgment, nor sinners in the assembly of the righteous. For the LORD watches over the way of the righteous, but the way of the wicked will perish. |
Psa 18:20-24 |
(same as 2 Sam 22:21-25 above) The LORD has dealt with me according to my righteousness; according to the cleanness of my hands he has rewarded me. For I have kept the ways of the LORD; I have not done evil by turning from my God. All his laws are before me; I have not turned away from his decrees. I have been blameless before him and have kept myself from sin. The LORD has rewarded me according to my righteousness, according to the cleanness of my hands in his sight. |
Ps 112:1-10 |
Praise the LORD. Blessed is the man who fears the LORD, who finds great delight in his commands. His children will be mighty in the land; the generation of the upright will be blessed. Wealth and riches are in his house, and his righteousness endures forever. Even in darkness light dawns for the upright, for the gracious and compassionate and righteous man. Good will come to him who is generous and lends freely, who conducts his affairs with justice. Surely he will never be shaken; a righteous man will be remembered forever. He will have no fear of bad news; his heart is steadfast, trusting in the LORD. His heart is secure, he will have no fear; in the end he will look in triumph on his foes. He has scattered abroad his gifts to the poor, his righteousness endures forever; his horn will be lifted high in honor. The wicked man will see and be vexed, he will gnash his teeth and waste away; the longings of the wicked will come to nothing. |
Ps 119:1 |
Blessed are they whose ways are blameless, who walk according to the law of the LORD. |
Ps 119:2 |
Blessed are they who keep his statutes and seek him with all their heart. |
Ps 119:3 |
They do nothing wrong; they walk in his ways. |
Ps 119:7 |
I will praise you with an upright heart as I learn your righteous laws. |
Ps 119:9 |
How can a young man keep his way pure? By living according to your word. |
Ps 119:11 |
I have hidden your word in my heart that I might not sin against you. |
Ps 119:21 |
You rebuke the arrogant, who are cursed and who stray from your commands. |
Ps 119:53 |
Indignation grips me because of the wicked, who have forsaken your law. |
Ps 119:67 |
Before I was afflicted I went astray, but now I obey your word. |
Ps 119:150-151 |
Those who devise wicked schemes are near, but they are far from your law. Yet you are near, O LORD, and all your commands are true. |
Ps 119:155 |
Salvation is far from the wicked, for they do not seek out your decrees. |
Isa 26:7-8 |
The path of the righteous is level; O upright One, you make the way of the righteous smooth.Yes, LORD, walking in the way of your laws, we wait for you; your name and renown are the desire of our hearts. |
Isa 48:17-18 |
This is what the LORD says-- your Redeemer, the Holy One of Israel: "I am the LORD your God, who teaches you what is best for you, who directs you in the way you should go. If only you had paid attention to my commands, your peace would have been like a river, your righteousness like the waves of the sea. |
Ezek 3:20-21 |
"Again, when a righteous man turns from his righteousness and does evil, and I put a stumbling block before him, he will die. Since you did not warn him, he will die for his sin. The righteous things he did will not be remembered, and I will hold you accountable for his blood. But if you do warn the righteous man not to sin and he does not sin, he will surely live because he took warning, and you will have saved yourself." |
Ezek 18:9 |
He follows my decrees and faithfully keeps my laws. That man is righteous; he will surely live, declares the Sovereign LORD. |
Ezek 18:17 |
He withholds his hand from sin and takes no usury or excessive interest. He keeps my laws and follows my decrees. He will not die for his father's sin; he will surely live. |
Ezek 18:21 |
"But if a wicked man turns away from all the sins he has committed and keeps all my decrees and does what is just and right, he will surely live; he will not die. |
Hosea 14:9 |
Who is wise? He will realize these things. Who is discerning? He will understand them. The ways of the LORD are right; the righteous walk in them, but the rebellious stumble in them. |
Not only this, but many a times the Old Testament saints pleaded and argued with God, and they based their reasoning on the foundation that they had done everything to obey God’s laws:
Ps 119:22 |
Remove from me scorn and contempt, for I keep your statutes. |
Ps 119:31 |
I hold fast to your statutes, O LORD; do not let me be put to shame. |
Ps 119:153 |
Look upon my suffering and deliver me, for I have not forgotten your law. |
Ps 119:159 |
See how I love your precepts; preserve my life, O LORD, according to your love. |
Ps 119:173 |
May your hand be ready to help me, for I have chosen your precepts. |
ii. Obedience to the law brought blessing
Deu 7:11-15 | Therefore, take care to follow the commands, decrees and laws I give you today. If you pay attention to these laws and are careful to follow them, then the LORD your God will keep his covenant of love with you, as he swore to your forefathers. He will love you and bless you and increase your numbers. He will bless the fruit of your womb, the crops of your land--your grain, new wine and oil--the calves of your herds and the lambs of your flocks in the land that he swore to your forefathers to give you. You will be blessed more than any other people; none of your men or women will be childless, nor any of your livestock without young. The LORD will keep you free from every disease. He will not inflict on you the horrible diseases you knew in Egypt, but he will inflict them on all who hate you. |
Deu 11:26-28 |
See, I am setting before you today a blessing and a curse-- the blessing if you obey the commands of the LORD your God that I am giving you today; the curse if you disobey the commands of the LORD your God and turn from the way that I command you today by following other gods, which you have not known. |
The Psalms confirm this by calling the man who lives according to the law as blessed:
Psa 1:1-2 |
Blessed is the man who does not walk in the counsel of the wicked or stand in the way of sinners or sit in the seat of mockers. But his delight is in the law of the LORD, and on his law he meditates day and night. |
Psa 119:1-2 |
Blessed are they whose ways are blameless, who walk according to the law of the LORD. Blessed are they who keep his statutes and seek him with all their heart. |
Next, contrary to Paul’s arguments in Romans 4 and Galatians 3, but right in accordance to James’ statement in 2:21-23, the verses in Genesis are very clear that God blessed Abraham because of his obedience, not just because of his "faith" (as apart from obedience):
Gen 22:15-18 |
The angel of the LORD called to Abraham from heaven a second time and said, "I swear by myself, declares the LORD, that because you have done this and have not withheld your son, your only son, I will surely bless you and make your descendants as numerous as the stars in the sky and as the sand on the seashore. Your descendants will take possession of the cities of their enemies, and through your offspring all nations on earth will be blessed, because you have obeyed me." |
Gen 26:2 |
The LORD appeared to Isaac and said, "Do not go down to Egypt; live in the land where I tell you to live. Stay in this land for a while, and I will be with you and will bless you. For to you and your descendants I will give all these lands and will confirm the oath I swore to your father Abraham. I will make your descendants as numerous as the stars in the sky and will give them all these lands, and through your offspring all nations on earth will be blessed, because Abraham obeyed me and kept my requirements, my commands, my decrees and my laws." |
Paul distorts these straightforward statements and makes out as if this obedience was of no importance at all! Look at what he says
Rom 4:1-3 |
What then shall we say that Abraham, our forefather, discovered in this matter? If, in fact, Abraham was justified by works, he had something to boast about-- but not before God. What does the Scripture say? "Abraham believed God, and it was credited to him as righteousness." |
Gal 3:6-9 |
Consider Abraham: "He believed God, and it was credited to him as righteousness." Understand, then, that those who believe are children of Abraham. The Scripture foresaw that God would justify the Gentiles by faith, and announced the gospel in advance to Abraham: "All nations will be blessed through you." So those who have faith are blessed along with Abraham, the man of faith. |
James seems to be correcting this distortion in his letter, saying that faith without obedience is useless and incapable of saving:
James 2:14 |
What good is it, my brothers, if a man claims to have faith but has no deeds? Can such faith save him? |
James 2:20-26 |
You foolish man, do you want evidence that faith without deeds is useless? Was not our ancestor Abraham considered righteous for what he did when he offered his son Isaac on the altar? You see that his faith and his actions were working together, and his faith was made complete by what he did. And the scripture was fulfilled that says, "Abraham believed God, and it was credited to him as righteousness," and he was called God's friend. You see that a person is justified by what he does and not by faith alone. In the same way, was not even Rahab the prostitute considered righteous for what she did when she gave lodging to the spies and sent them off in a different direction? As the body without the spirit is dead, so faith without deeds is dead. |
When a woman addressed Jesus with a typical feminine statement, Jesus corrected her by calling "blessed" those who obey the Word of God (Luke 11:27-28):
As Jesus was saying these things, a woman in the crowd called out, "Blessed is the mother who gave you birth and nursed you." He replied, "Blessed rather are those who hear the word of God and obey it."
Jesus upheld the Old Testament as the Word of God. The OT men of God and prophets all held that the law was a blessing.
Deu 28:58-61 |
If you do not carefully follow all the words of this law, which are written in this book, and do not revere this glorious and awesome name--the LORD your God-- the LORD will send fearful plagues on you and your descendants, harsh and prolonged disasters, and severe and lingering illnesses. He will bring upon you all the diseases of Egypt that you dreaded, and they will cling to you. The LORD will also bring on you every kind of sickness and disaster not recorded in this Book of the Law, until you are destroyed. |
Deu 32:46-47 |
he said to them, "Take to heart all the words I have solemnly declared to you this day, so that you may command your children to obey carefully all the words of this law. They are not just idle words for you--they are your life." |
Josh 1:8 |
Do not let this Book of the Law depart from your mouth; meditate on it day and night, so that you may be careful to do everything written in it. Then you will be prosperous and successful. |
Hosea 4:6 |
my people are destroyed from lack of knowledge. "Because you have rejected knowledge, I also reject you as my priests; because you have ignored the law of your God, I also will ignore your children. |
Paul however, believed that the law was a "curse" and it brought "wrath":
Gal 3:10-14 |
All who rely on observing the law are under a curse, for it is written: "Cursed is everyone who does not continue to do everything written in the Book of the Law." Clearly no one is justified before God by the law, because, "The righteous will live by faith." The law is not based on faith; on the contrary, "The man who does these things will live by them." Christ redeemed us from the curse of the law by becoming a curse for us, for it is written: "Cursed is everyone who is hung on a tree." He redeemed us in order that the blessing given to Abraham might come to the Gentiles through Christ Jesus, so that by faith we might receive the promise of the Spirit. |
Rom 4:15 |
…because law brings wrath. |
Yet actually, according to the Old Testament, authenticated by Jesus as the Word of God, the law brought life:
iii. The law brought life
After giving the law, Moses says:
Lev 18:5 |
Keep my decrees and laws, for the man who obeys them will live by them. |
Deu 30:15-20 |
See, I set before you today life and prosperity, death and destruction. For I command you today to love the LORD your God, to walk in his ways, and to keep his commands, decrees and laws; then you will live and increase, and the LORD your God will bless you in the land you are entering to possess. But if your heart turns away and you are not obedient, and if you are drawn away to bow down to other gods and worship them, I declare to you this day that you will certainly be destroyed. You will not live long in the land you are crossing the Jordan to enter and possess. This day I call heaven and earth as witnesses against you that I have set before you life and death, blessings and curses. Now choose life, so that you and your children may live and that you may love the LORD your God, listen to his voice, and hold fast to him. For the LORD is your life, and he will give you many years in the land he swore to give to your fathers, Abraham, Isaac |
This was also the experience of the psalmists and the prophets, that obedience to the law brought life; disobedience brought death. For example, in Psalm 19:7-8, the psalmist says,
Psalm 19:7-8 |
The law of the LORD is perfect, reviving the soul. The statutes of the LORD are trustworthy, making wise the simple. The precepts of the LORD are right, giving joy to the heart. The commands of the LORD are radiant, giving light to the eyes. |
Eze 18: 5-32 |
Suppose there is a righteous man who does what is just and right. He does not eat at the mountain shrines or look to the idols of the house of Israel. He does not defile his neighbor's wife or lie with a woman during her period. He does not oppress anyone, but returns what he took in pledge for a loan. He does not commit robbery but gives his food to the hungry and provides clothing for the naked. He does not lend at usury or take excessive interest. He withholds his hand from doing wrong and judges fairly between man and man. He follows my decrees and faithfully keeps my laws. That man is righteous; he will surely live, declares the Sovereign LORD. Suppose he has a violent son, who sheds blood or does any of these other things (though the father has done none of them): "He eats at the mountain shrines. He defiles his neighbor's wife. He oppresses the poor and needy. He commits robbery. He does not return what he took in pledge. He looks to the idols. He does detestable things. He lends at usury and takes excessive interest. Will such a man live? He will not! Because he has done all these detestable things, he will surely be put to death and his blood will be on his own head. "But suppose this son has a son who sees all the sins his father commits, and though he sees them, he does not do such things: "He does not eat at the mountain shrines or look to the idols of the house of Israel. He does not defile his neighbor's wife. He does not oppress anyone or require a pledge for a loan. He does not commit robbery but gives his food to the hungry and provides clothing for the naked. He withholds his hand from sin and takes no usury or excessive interest. He keeps my laws and follows my decrees. He will not die for his father's sin; he will surely live. But his father will die for his own sin, because he practiced extortion, robbed his brother and did what was wrong among his people. "Yet you ask, 'Why does the son not share the guilt of his father?' Since the son has done what is just and right and has been careful to keep all my decrees, he will surely live. The soul who sins is the one who will die. The son will not share the guilt of the father, nor will the father share the guilt of the son. The righteousness of the righteous man will be credited to him, and the wickedness of the wicked will be charged against him. "But if a wicked man turns away from all the sins he has committed and keeps all my decrees and does what is just and right, he will surely live; he will not die. None of the offenses he has committed will be remembered against him. Because of the righteous things he has done, he will live. Do I take any pleasure in the death of the wicked? declares the Sovereign LORD. Rather, am I not pleased when they turn from their ways and live? "But if a righteous man turns from his righteousness and commits sin and does the same detestable things the wicked man does, will he live? None of the righteous things he has done will be remembered. Because of the unfaithfulness he is guilty of and because of the sins he has committed, he will die. "Yet you say, 'The way of the Lord is not just.' Hear, O house of Israel: Is my way unjust? Is it not your ways that are unjust? If a righteous man turns from his righteousness and commits sin, he will die for it; because of the sin he has committed he will die. But if a wicked man turns away from the wickedness he has committed and does what is just and right, he will save his life. Because he considers all the offenses he has committed and turns away from them, he will surely live; he will not die. Yet the house of Israel says, 'The way of the Lord is not just.' Are my ways unjust, O house of Israel? Is it not your ways that are unjust? "Therefore, O house of Israel, I will judge you, each one according to his ways, declares the Sovereign LORD. Repent! Turn away from all your offenses; then sin will not be your downfall. Rid yourselves of all the offenses you have committed, and get a new heart and a new spirit. Why will you die, O house of Israel? For I take no pleasure in the death of anyone, declares the Sovereign LORD. Repent and live! |
Eze 20:11 |
I gave them my decrees and made known to them my laws, for the man who obeys them will live by them. |
Eze 20:21 |
"'But the children rebelled against me: They did not follow my decrees, they were not careful to keep my laws--although the man who obeys them will live by them--and they desecrated my Sabbaths. |
Paul on the other hand, says in 2 Cor 3:6 that "the letter kills" (but the Spirit gives life, implying that the Spirit and the law are contrary; whereas we know that the Spirit always works in accordance to God’s Word. In verse 7 he calls the law "the ministry that brought death, which was engraved in letters on stone" and in verse 9 "the ministry that condemns men"
iv. The law brought freedom
The psalmist says,
Psa 119:32 |
I run in the path of your commands, for you have set my heart free. |
Psa 119:45 |
I will walk about in freedom, for I have sought out your precepts. |
Whereas for Paul, the law was "bondage". In Gal 5:1, Paul calls obedience to the law a "yoke of slavery," whereas James twice calls the law as something which gives freedom:
James 1:25 |
But the man who looks intently into the perfect law that gives freedom, and continues to do this, not forgetting what he has heard, but doing it--he will be blessed in what he does. |
James 2:12 |
Speak and act as those who are going to be judged by the law that gives freedom, |
This is in agreement with the psalmist’s experience of the law as liberating:
v. The Law as Temporary?
According to Paul, the law was a schoolmaster to bring us to Christ (Galatians 3:24-26). And so we are then to abandon the knowledge and rules given by this schoolmaster! I learnt mathematics in school, and I had a number of schoolteachers who taught me maths. The idea was to bring me to an understanding and appreciation of the physical world. But once I graduated and was out from under their tutelage, how foolish would I be to abandon the rules they taught me that guide me to answer real-life mathematical problems; I do not add 2 + 2 and get 7, or multiply 3 by 1 and get 9. So, even if the law was to bring us to Christ, how could that mean that its rules are no longer applicable? Jesus didn’t say or do anything against the law (he only said and did things against the distortions of the law). In fact in the Sermon on the Mount, he strengthened the law, made it more rigorous, made it complete (pleeroosai in Matt 5:17 should be translated "make complete", since that is what he proceeds to do in the six examples which follow). So how could the law be a "temporary measure?"
Jesus made an explicit statement in Mat 5:17-20: "Do not think that I have come to abolish the Law or the Prophets; I have not come to abolish them but to make them complete. I tell you the truth, until heaven and earth disappear, not the smallest letter, not the least stroke of a pen, will by any means disappear from the Law until everything is accomplished. Anyone who breaks one of the least of these commandments and teaches others to do the same will be called least in the kingdom of heaven, but whoever practices and teaches these commands will be called great in the kingdom of heaven. For I tell you that unless your righteousness surpasses that of the Pharisees and the teachers of the law, you will certainly not enter the kingdom of heaven."
Paul bluntly contradicts Jesus by maintaining that the Law has been done away with!
Eph 2:14-15 |
For he himself is our peace, who has made the two one and has destroyed the barrier, the dividing wall of hostility, by abolishing in his flesh the law with its commandments and regulations. His purpose was to create in himself one new man out of the two, thus making peace, |
Col 2:13-14 |
He forgave us all our sins, having canceled the written code, with its regulations, that was against us and that stood opposed to us; he took it away, nailing it to the cross. |
Gal 3:24-25 |
So the law was put in charge to lead us to Christ that we might be justified by faith. Now that faith has come, we are no longer under the supervision of the law. |
Rom 10:4 |
Christ is the end of the law so that there may be righteousness for everyone who believes. |
Support for this belief (that the law was temporary and has been done away with) is sought in Jeremiah’s prophecy in 31:31 and other related prophecies. Hence it would be good to take a hard look at them:
Jer 31:31-34 |
"The time is coming," declares the LORD, "when I will make a new covenant with the house of Israel and with the house of Judah. It will not be like the covenant I made with their forefathers when I took them by the hand to lead them out of Egypt, because they broke my covenant, though I was a husband to them, " declares the LORD. "This is the covenant I will make with the house of Israel after that time," declares the LORD. "I will put my law in their minds and write it on their hearts. I will be their God, and they will be my people. No longer will a man teach his neighbor, or a man his brother, saying, 'Know the LORD,' because they will all know me, from the least of them to the greatest," declares the LORD. "For I will forgive their wickedness and will remember their sins no more." |
Ezek 11:19-20 |
I will give them an undivided heart and put a new spirit in them; I will remove from them their heart of stone and give them a heart of flesh. Then they will follow my decrees and be careful to keep my laws. They will be my people, and I will be their God. |
Ezek 36:25-28 |
I will sprinkle clean water on you, and you will be clean; I will cleanse you from all your impurities and from all your idols. I will give you a new heart and put a new spirit in you; I will remove from you your heart of stone and give you a heart of flesh. And I will put my Spirit in you and move you to follow my decrees and be careful to keep my laws. You will live in the land I gave your forefathers; you will be my people, and I will be your God. |
Micah 4:1-2 |
In the last days the mountain of the Lord's temple will be established as chief among the mountains; it will be raised above the hills, and peoples will stream to it. Many nations will come and say, "Come, let us go up to the mountain of the LORD, to the house of the God of Jacob. He will teach us his ways, so that we may walk in his paths." The law will go out from Zion, the word of the LORD from Jerusalem. |
The terms of this covenant are very clear – it is not that God is going to "do away with the law!" On the contrary, the covenant was that He will "put His law in their minds and write it on their hearts," that He will put His Spirit and "move them to follow His decrees and keep His laws!" And this covenant was to be with "the house of Israel and with the house of Judah" (Jer 31:31-33), not with the Gentiles!
This view, that the law was not temporary, is echoed in other parts of the Bible:
Ps 119:89 |
Your word, O LORD, is eternal; it stands firm in the heavens. |
Ps 119:152 |
Long ago I learned from your statutes that you established them to last forever. |
Isa 40:8 |
The grass withers and the flowers fall, but the word of our God stands forever." |
1 Pet 1:25 |
but the word of the Lord stands forever." |
vi. The law gave wisdom
The psalmist found that in uncertain times and places, when he was at a loss to know as to what to do, the law was an ever-present, steady and reliable source of the greatest wisdom:
Ps 119:98 |
Your commands make me wiser than my enemies, for they are ever with me. |
Ps 119:99 |
I have more insight than all my teachers, for I meditate on your statutes. |
Ps 119:100 |
I have more understanding than the elders, for I obey your precepts. |
Ps 119:104 |
I gain understanding from your precepts; therefore I hate every wrong path. |
Ps 119:105 |
Your word is a lamp to my feet and a light for my path. |
Ps 119:130 |
The unfolding of your words gives light; it gives understanding to the simple. |
vii. The Law was actually a delight for those whose hearts were right
But it’s not only that the law was righteous, good and holy; it was not only that it brought righteousness and life to those who walked by it, not only was it not burdensome, it was actually a great delight, a great joy, to those whose hearts were right! Psalm 119 is of course the great compendium of verses in which the psalmist unashamedly declares his love for the law and his great delight in it:
Ps 119:13-16 |
With my lips I recount all the laws that come from your mouth. I rejoice in following your statutes as one rejoices in great riches. I meditate on your precepts and consider your ways. I delight in your decrees; I will not neglect your word. |
Ps 119:18-20 |
Open my eyes that I may see wonderful things in your law. I am a stranger on earth; do not hide your commands from me. My soul is consumed with longing for your laws at all times. |
Ps 119:23-24 |
Though rulers sit together and slander me, your servant will meditate on your decrees. Your statutes are my delight; they are my counselors. |
Ps 119:35 |
Direct me in the path of your commands, for there I find delight. |
Ps 119:40 |
How I long for your precepts! Preserve my life in your righteousness. |
Ps 119:46-47 |
I will speak of your statutes before kings and will not be put to shame, for I delight in your commands because I love them. |
Ps 119:48 |
I lift up my hands to your commands, which I love, and I meditate on your decrees. |
Ps 119:52 |
I remember your ancient laws, O LORD, and I find comfort in them. |
Ps 119:54 |
Your decrees are the theme of my song wherever I lodge. |
Ps 119:60 |
I will hasten and not delay to obey your commands. |
Ps 119:62 |
At midnight I rise to give you thanks for your righteous laws. |
Ps 119:70 |
Their hearts are callous and unfeeling, but I delight in your law. |
Ps 119:72 |
The law from your mouth is more precious to me than thousands of pieces of silver and gold. |
Ps 119:77 |
Let your compassion come to me that I may live, for your law is my delight. |
Ps 119:92 |
If your law had not been my delight, I would have perished in my affliction. |
Ps 119:97 |
Oh, how I love your law! I meditate on it all day long. |
Ps 119:103 |
How sweet are your words to my taste, sweeter than honey to my mouth! |
Ps 119:111 |
Your statutes are my heritage forever; they are the joy of my heart. |
Ps 119:112 |
My heart is set on keeping your decrees to the very end. |
Ps 119:113 |
I hate double-minded men, but I love your law. |
Ps 119:119 |
All the wicked of the earth you discard like dross; therefore I love your statutes. |
Ps 119:127-128 |
Because I love your commands more than gold, more than pure gold, and because I consider all your precepts right, I hate every wrong path. |
Ps 119:129 |
Your statutes are wonderful; therefore I obey them. |
Ps 119:131 |
I open my mouth and pant, longing for your commands. |
Ps 119:136 |
Streams of tears flow from my eyes, for your law is not obeyed. |
Ps 119:140 |
Your promises have been thoroughly tested, and your servant loves them. |
Ps 119:143 |
Trouble and distress have come upon me, but your commands are my delight. |
Ps 119:148 |
My eyes stay open through the watches of the night, that I may meditate on your promises. |
Ps 119:159 |
See how I love your precepts; preserve my life, O LORD, according to your love. |
Ps 119:162-165 |
I rejoice in your promise like one who finds great spoil. I hate and abhor falsehood but I love your law. Seven times a day I praise you for your righteous laws. Great peace have they who love your law, and nothing can make them stumble. |
Ps 119:167 |
I obey your statutes, for I love them greatly. |
Ps 119:172 |
May my tongue sing of your word, for all your commands are righteous. |
Ps 119:174 |
I long for your salvation, O LORD, and your law is my delight. |
This joy, this delight, this love for the law of God is not limited to Psalm 119. It is found in other places also; in fact the opening psalm draws a sharp contrast between those who "delight in the law of the Lord" and the "wicked":
Psa 1:1 |
Blessed is the man who does not walk in the counsel of the wicked or stand in the way of sinners or sit in the seat of mockers. |
Psa 1:2 |
But his delight is in the law of the LORD, and on his law he meditates day and night. |
Psa 1:3 |
He is like a tree planted by streams of water, which yields its fruit in season and whose leaf does not wither. Whatever he does prospers. |
Psa 1:4 |
Not so the wicked! They are like chaff that the wind blows away. |
Psa 1:5 |
Therefore the wicked will not stand in the judgment, nor sinners in the assembly of the righteous. |
Psa 1:6 |
For the LORD watches over the way of the righteous, but the way of the wicked will perish. |
Psa 19:9-10 |
The fear of the LORD is pure, enduring forever. The ordinances of the LORD are sure and altogether righteous. They are more precious than gold, than much pure gold; they are sweeter than honey, than honey from the comb. |
Psa 112:1 |
Praise the LORD. Blessed is the man who fears the LORD, who finds great delight in his commands. |
On the other hand, Paul found the law to be a "burden" a "curse" For all other men of God, the law was in no way burdensome.
viii. The law was not burdensome
"My yoke is easy and my burden is light" declared Jesus in Matt 11:30. And this is after he had raised the standards for living in the Sermon on the Mount! If the Old Testament standards would have been burdensome, how much more burdensome would be these standards which were far above the OT ones! Yet Jesus says, "My yoke is easy and my burden is light!" For those whose hearts are right even these high standards are not a burden as John confirms in 1 John 5:3 "This is love for God: to obey his commands. And his commands are not burdensome." John knew Jesus personally and intimately; he had spent at least 3 years closely in the company of Jesus; indeed he was known as Jesus’ most beloved and closest disciple. He knew Jesus’ standards when he wrote these words and if he didn’t find them burdensome, then how much less burdensome would be the Old Testament law?
When Jesus said in Matt 23:4 "They tie up heavy loads and put them on men's shoulders, but they themselves are not willing to lift a finger to move them," he was talking about the teachers of the law and the Pharisees who had built up an elaborate system of laws over and above the laws given by God in the OT. Peter was also addressing the Pharisees (Acts 15:5) when he said, "Now then, why do you try to test God by putting on the necks of the disciples a yoke that neither we nor our fathers have been able to bear?" (Acts 15:10) The true unadulterated Law of Moses, understood and carried out in its proper spirit as exemplified by the psalmists, the prophets and the men of God in the Old Testament, is not unbearable. Peter and James did not want the Pharisees dictating to the Gentiles their idea of the Law with all its oral traditions of additions and amendments. This is what Peter was referring to when he called the Law an unbearable yoke.
However, for Paul, the law by itself was an unbearable yoke as is clear from his statements from Romans 7 and the book of Galatians.
ix. The OT Prophets and men of God exhorted the Israelites to obey the law
With all the good things coming from obeying the law, it is no wonder then that Moses, Joshua, and all the prophets and men of God exhorted the Israelites to get back to the law and obey it:
Lev 18:4-5 |
You must obey my laws and be careful to follow my decrees. I am the LORD your God. Keep my decrees and laws, for the man who obeys them will live by them. I am the LORD. |
Lev 19:37 |
"'Keep all my decrees and all my laws and follow them. I am the LORD.'" |
Lev 20:22 |
"'Keep all my decrees and laws and follow them, so that the land where I am bringing you to live may not vomit you out. |
Lev 25:18 |
"'Follow my decrees and be careful to obey my laws, and you will live safely in the land. |
Deu 7:11 |
Therefore, take care to follow the commands, decrees and laws I give you today. |
Deu 7:12 |
If you pay attention to these laws and are careful to follow them, then the LORD your God will keep his covenant of love with you, as he swore to your forefathers. |
Deu 8:11 |
Be careful that you do not forget the LORD your God, failing to observe his commands, his laws and his decrees that I am giving you this day. |
Deu 11:1 |
Love the LORD your God and keep his requirements, his decrees, his laws and his commands always. |
Deu 11:32 |
be sure that you obey all the decrees and laws I am setting before you today. |
Deu 26:16 |
The LORD your God commands you this day to follow these decrees and laws; carefully observe them with all your heart and with all your soul. |
Deu 30:16 |
For I command you today to love the LORD your God, to walk in his ways, and to keep his commands, decrees and laws; then you will live and increase, and the LORD your God will bless you in the land you are entering to possess. |
Josh 22:5 |
But be very careful to keep the commandment and the law that Moses the servant of the LORD gave you: to love the LORD your God, to walk in all his ways, to obey his commands, to hold fast to him and to serve him with all your heart and all your soul." |
Josh 23:6 |
"Be very strong; be careful to obey all that is written in the Book of the Law of Moses, without turning aside to the right or to the left. |
1 Ki 2:1-3 |
When the time drew near for David to die, he gave a charge to Solomon his son. "I am about to go the way of all the earth," he said. "So be strong, show yourself a man, and observe what the LORD your God requires: Walk in his ways, and keep his decrees and commands, his laws and requirements, as written in the Law of Moses, so that you may prosper in all you do and wherever you go… |
2 Ki 17:13 |
The LORD warned Israel and Judah through all his prophets and seers: "Turn from your evil ways. Observe my commands and decrees, in accordance with the entire Law that I commanded your fathers to obey and that I delivered to you through my servants the prophets." |
2 Ki 21:7-8 |
He took the carved Asherah pole he had made and put it in the temple, of which the LORD had said to David and to his son Solomon, "In this temple and in Jerusalem, which I have chosen out of all the tribes of Israel, I will put my Name forever. I will not again make the feet of the Israelites wander from the land I gave their forefathers, if only they will be careful to do everything I commanded them and will keep the whole Law that my servant Moses gave them." |
1 Chr 22:12-13 |
(David to Solomon) "May the LORD give you discretion and understanding when he puts you in command over Israel, so that you may keep the law of the LORD your God. Then you will have success if you are careful to observe the decrees and laws that the LORD gave Moses for Israel. Be strong and courageous. Do not be afraid or discouraged. |
Isa 1:10 |
Hear the word of the LORD, you rulers of Sodom; listen to the law of our God, you people of Gomorrah! |
Isa 8:20 |
To the law and to the testimony! If they do not speak according to this word, they have no light of dawn. |
x. Prayers without a law-obedient lifestyle are considered detestable
Prov 28:9 |
If anyone turns a deaf ear to the law, even his prayers are detestable. |
Ps 66:18 |
If I had cherished sin in my heart, the Lord would not have listened; |
Prov 15:8 |
The LORD detests the sacrifice of the wicked, but the prayer of the upright pleases him. |
James confirms the importance of righteous living for prayers to be effective when he says in 5:16 that "The prayer of a righteous man is powerful and effective."
Paul’s experience of the law was radically different from that of the Old Testament saints, all of whom were affirmed by Jesus as being men of God. How can Paul’s experience and understanding be so radically different? To understand Paul’s experience, an analogy is helpful. All countries have traffic laws and most normal people don’t have any problems obeying these laws. A simple traffic law everywhere is "Stop when the signal is red, go when it is green." The vast majority of the normal people don’t have any problem obeying this law. In fact they are glad that the law is there to regulate traffic, otherwise there would be utter chaos. Who are the ones who have problems obeying traffic laws? The rich, young brats on their flashy, powerful mobikes who are in a tearing hurry (to get nowhere fast) - they are the ones who have problems obeying traffic laws. They utter four-letter words when the signal turns red just when they come near it. Their mouths freely hail curses on the drivers around them. They have problems with the law because their hearts are wrong; their spirits warped. People whose hearts are right have no problems with the law; in fact they are glad that there is a law, and that it is generally followed by most people. They feel secure; they also know that the law protects them from the wrongdoers.
And they don’t get worked up if they inadvertently break a minor law. They are not perfectionists. The other group of people who have problems with the law are the perfectionists. Normal people know that no-one can keep all laws perfectly. Even those who are in charge of maintaining law-and-order are aware that no-one can keep all laws perfectly and distinguish between genuine mistakes and deliberate acts of breaking the law, between minor offenses and major ones, between repentant offenders and arrogant non-repentant ones.
All the Old Testament saints after the giving of the law, who were authenticated as men of God by Jesus, from Moses to John the Baptist, did not have any problems with the law of the kind that Paul had. They had no problems obeying it. They loved the law, were glad for it, and thanked and praised God for it. Most of them went beyond it and even confirmed to the New Testament standard as laid down by Jesus in the Sermon on the Mount. When Job said "I made a covenant with my eyes not to look lustfully at a girl" (Job 31:1), what standard was he following – the OT standard of "Do not commit adultery" (Exo 20:14) or the New Testament standard of "Anyone who looks at a woman lustfully has already committed adultery with her in his heart" (Mat 5:28) as made complete by Jesus? When Joseph resisted the advances of Potiphar’s wife, what standards was he following? In fact he didn’t even have the Old Testament law to guide him by!
In the light of all this, one needs to ask the question, "What’s all the fuss about anyway?" If these Old Testament people, all authenticated as men of God by Jesus, had no problems living even by the heightened standards of the New Testament (as laid down by Jesus) since their hearts were right, what is all the big fuss being made by Paul about the impossibility of living by the law? In light of the above example of traffic laws, one has to come to the conclusion that either his heart was not right, or that he was a perfectionist. Both these problems could have been easily corrected – the first by simple repentance, and the second by a simple understanding that God doesn’t require perfection to accept a person as "righteous". People who were called "righteous" by God (Noah, Abraham, Moses, Job, David etc.) were all imperfect.
One can look at the law legalistically(!) i.e. in the "letter of the law," or one can look at it in the "spirit of the law", just as any activity can be done legalistically or in the proper spirit. One can attend church meetings legalistically, because they "have to be attended", or in the spirit because one loves to attend them. One can read the Bible daily in a legalistic manner, or one can read it because one loves to read it. One can pray legalistically at fixed times, or do it because one loves to spend time with God and disciplines himself because he enjoys doing it. The legalism is not in the external act, but in the spirit of the person doing it. One can obey traffic laws legalistically ("grinning and bearing it"), or joyfully because one sees that they are good and bring and maintain order. Similarly one can obey God’s laws legalistically ("grinning and bearing it"), or one can obey them joyfully because one sees that they are good – good by themselves and good for us. Therein lies the reason for the big difference between Paul’s experience of the law and the experience of all the OT saints authenticated by Jesus.
All the OT saints found the law good, they delighted in the law, their hearts were set on obeying the law, they gladly made the utmost efforts to obey the law, and exhorted others to obey the law. When they saw others trampling upon God’s law, they were genuinely saddened, grief-stricken, and desired that God’s law would be followed. Their one burden was to see people follow God’s laws.
And by one sweeping "But now!," Paul casts aside 4000 years of Biblical Truth upheld by Jesus in the experience of a number of people whom he considered as "men of God". Moses (the Law) and Prophets NEVER taught that obedience to God’s laws did not justify, in fact it was just the opposite they taught; namely, that obedience to the laws of God does justify (brought righteousness). Moses (the Law) and the Prophets NEVER taught that righteousness existed apart from obedience to the laws of God, in fact they taught just the opposite. Paul discounts what Moses, the Prophets, and Jesus all taught and held in common, and substitutes his own theology that replaces 4000 years of Biblical Truth with a "BUT NOW" theology of justification before God through belief in Jesus’ substitutionary death and resurrection, without any requirement of repentance from sins or obedience to God. For 4000 years, righteousness in God’s eyes was gained by repentance from sins and obeying the law. This was upheld by Jesus as right as his central message was always, "Repent, for the Kingdom of God as at hand" (is near/ is available easily/ is within your grasp). Now suddenly, Paul, who had problems with the law, says that repentance from sins and obedience to the law are not necessary, all one needs to do is "believe that Jesus died for your sins and you will be saved." That’s akin to saying, "I am setting aside hundreds of years of sensible traffic laws followed by all people. From now on, it is not necessary to follow traffic laws. You are free to break traffic laws. Just believe that your fine will be paid by someone else and it will be paid."
But enough said about Paul’s teachings regarding the very important subject of the law. Let’s move on to another questionable area of Paul’s teachings – that is, his misuse of the Old Testament Scriptures to "prove" his points, which were really unprovable from the Old Testament.
3. Paul’s Misuse of the Old Testament Scriptures
Paul’s views on salvation and the law seem to be in conflict with Jesus’. So how does he justify his position? He does quote from the Old Testament Scriptures to support his position. The way he uses the OT Scriptures, authenticated as the Word of God by Jesus, has been largely unquestioned. When this assumption is dropped and the spotlight turned on them, it turns out that some of the ways in which he uses them would not even fetch an ‘F’ for somebody in Christian College.
Paul's references to the Old Testament appear predominately as either direct quotations or as allusions. In some cases, he utilizes expressions drawn from the Septuagint but that have no relationship with the contexts simply because of his familiarity with the texts and, like individual words, these expressions pop up as a means of expressing his ideas. When he quotes directly, he is likely to begin with the expression, "It is written," or some variation thereof. This manner of reference appears about thirty-two times in Romans, I and II Corinthians and Galatians. Altogether, he purports to quote from the Septuagint, sometimes designated as the Law and the Prophets, more than eighty times. There will not be agreement on the exact number because his quotations are very freely rendered, usually from memory as would be expected of one who was constantly on the move, without the convenience of a copy of the Septuagint always at hand.
The above would be misleading unless we state that Paul's use of the scriptures was often appropriate. An example of his appropriate use of scripture is his quotation of Isaiah 52:7 in Romans 10:15: "How beautiful the feet of those who preach good news." He utilizes this consistent with Isaiah's prophecy to support the importance of preaching the gospel. In this case the reference is relatively trivial (as are numerous of his appropriate quotations and allusions), for it adds little to his position. We will not be spending much time on these for all quotations are supposed to be appropriate.
However, even if one quotation is shown to be misused, it would cast doubts on his letters as being the Word of God. And he did misuse quotations, that too in very elementary ways! If I am an atheist and I make a statement that "Even the Bible says that there is no God" and advance a cut-out part of Psalm 14:1 as a proof of that deduction, what would your answer be? A disgusted smirk? Or a pitying sadness at my desperate attempt to clutch at straws? You would certainly question either my intelligence or my motives! Wouldn’t you clearly and easily see that I am just lifting out a phrase from the Bible, giving it a meaning which is the exact opposite of what it means when seen in its context, and using it to buttress my own atheistic belief? And that in doing so, I am either being dishonest to the Scriptures or deceiving myself? This is so elementary that even a child can understand it without being explained.
There will be trouble and distress for every human being who does evil: first for the Jew, then for the Gentile; but glory, honor and peace for everyone who does good: first for the Jew, then for the Gentile. (Rom 2:9-10)
He then goes on (with asides to emphasize God's lack of partiality toward the Jew and the Greek) to show that on this basis all men, both Jews and Gentiles, are condemned, for
All have sinned and fall short of the glory of God (3:23).
He advances a collection of six quotations from various contexts of the Old Testament to put this point, the universality of human sinfulness and depravity, to rest once for all.
Rom 3:10-12 |
As it is written: "There is no one righteous, not even one; there is no one who understands, no one who seeks God. All have turned away, they have together become worthless; there is no one who does good, not even one" (quoting Psalm 14:1-3 and 53:1-3) |
Rom 3:13a |
"Their throats are open graves; their tongues practice deceit." (quoting Psalm 5:9) |
Rom 3:13b-14 |
"The poison of vipers is on their lips. Their mouths are full of cursing and bitterness." (Psalm 140:3) |
Rom 3:15-17 |
"Their feet are swift to shed blood; ruin and misery mark their ways, and the way of peace they do not know." (Isa 59:7-8) |
Rom 3:18 |
"There is no fear of God before their eyes." (Psa 36:1) |
The objective here is to establish that "each and every person is unrighteous before God."
Psalm 14:1-3 and 53:1-3 (both are same) appear on first reading to say exactly what Paul wishes them to say. But if we read the balance of the psalms, it becomes evident that the psalmist did not intend what Paul asserted, for in v. 4 we have the evildoers set apart from "my people" with a clear distinction made between them. Then in v. 5, these evildoers will be in great terror, for God will be with the generation of the righteous, who are then identified with the poor, but the Lord is his refuge. The Psalms close with v. 7:
Oh, that salvation for Israel would come out of Zion! When the LORD restores the fortunes of his people, let Jacob rejoice and Israel be glad!
Clearly, the Psalmist allows for two categories of human beings, the evildoers and the generation of the righteous, who are identified with Israel in the last verse. The "no, not one" must then refer only to the evildoers who eat up "my people" as they eat bread, and do not call upon the Lord, presumably Gentiles in contrast to Jacob and Israel. Paul, who seeks by this to prove his point, that all are under condemnation of sin without exception, has not properly regarded the context and has as a result drawn something out of it contrary to the intent of the Psalmist. He has not handled the Word of God correctly.
Psalm 5:9, applied immediately after Psalm 14:1-3 surely confirms his point until we trouble ourselves to read the entire psalm. On doing this, we discover that the point Paul is making is no part of the psalmist’s thinking. Just the opposite. Verse 9 of the psalm is clearly spoken of the enemies of the psalmist, but then he moves immediately to speak of another category, those who take refuge in the Lord, who are the righteous. And then he closes with the words in verse 12:
For surely, O LORD, you bless the righteous; you surround them with your favor as with a shield.
The point Paul is making allows for only one category of human beings – wicked, sinful evildoers, but the psalmist clearly provides two categories. Yet again, Paul has not properly regarded the context and has drawn from it support for an idea contrary to what is there. He has tampered with God's word. Then he moves on to Psalm 140:3 to further reinforce his point, that there is not a single human being who is righteous before God – no not one. From this psalm (140:1-3) –
Rescue me, O LORD, from evil men; protect me from men of violence, who devise evil plans in their hearts and stir up war every day. They make their tongues as sharp as a serpent's; the poison of vipers is on their lips.
The poison of vipers is on their lips! This really hardens their case – all human beings are venomous snakes, for there is none righteous, no not even one! Again, let us read the psalm and see how this thinking accords with the thought of the psalmist. Is it true, in his mind, that there is only one category of human beings, the unrighteous? Not at all! Verse 3 only applies to those whom the psalmist sees as the wicked (v.8), and he moves quickly to the concluding verses 12 and 13, and writes:
I know that the LORD secures justice for the poor and upholds the cause of the needy. Surely the righteous will praise your name and the upright will live before you.
Again, he readily supplies two categories of human beings, the righteous (v.13) and the wicked (v. 4). Yet Paul has again drawn from the psalmist a select few words that, when applied as Paul applies them, seems to reinforce the thought that there is only one category of human beings. He has tampered with God's word.
But as if venom under their lips were not strong enough language to use of all human beings, he presses on to yet another quotation from yet another psalm, this time Psalm 10:7, and asserts:
His mouth is full of curses and lies and threats
Now this is applied to every human being! But do we not all know persons from whose mouths we have never heard such things? Surely our own personal observations are sufficient to falsify the statements of the man from Tarsus. But again, how does this accord with the thought of the psalmist? From verse 7 he moves on to add in verse 8,
He lies in wait near the villages; from ambush he murders the innocent
But how does he murder the innocent if there are no innocents, if every human being is wicked? Just as before, the psalmist has provided for two disparate categories of human beings in a clear contradiction of the point Paul is seeing to call him to witness to. Paul has tampered with God's word.
Do we begin to see a pattern here? Never mind; let us press on. Paul next calls the great and venerable prophet of God, the renowned Isaiah, to the dock to witness to the universal depravity of the human being. In this case, it is to assert that (Isa 59:7-8)
Their feet rush into sin; they are swift to shed innocent blood. Their thoughts are evil thoughts; ruin and destruction mark their ways. The way of peace they do not know; there is no justice in their paths. They have turned them into crooked roads; no one who walks in them will know peace.
Now, indeed, if we confine ourselves to Chapter 59 of Isaiah, we can almost see Paul's case being made. The prophet unleashes a diatribe against the evils of his countrymen that seems to leave no one out -- except himself! And one exception is all one needs to falsify Paul's assertion of absolute and universal depravity. Yet even in that single chapter of utter condemnation for his fellows, the prophet lets slip a single statement that, again, falsifies Paul's assertion even if we do not consider the exception afforded by the prophet himself. For in verse 15 we read:
Truth is nowhere to be found, and whoever shuns evil becomes a prey.
This obviously defines a category of human beings that depart from evil, and therefore are evil no longer, but instead are prey for the evil ones. But it is unnecessary to confine our quest for multiple categories of human beings to a single chapter. There is a wider context of several chapters that sprang from the same pen and person and we have to ask ourselves if the universality of human evil was a part of the thinking of the prophet who wrote these chapters. When we are dealing with the Psalms, we are uncertain what individual may have authored any one of them, and so we confine our context to that psalm, it being reasonable to suppose that each psalm represented the thought of a single person. But with Isaiah we can widen the context, understanding that we are still being exposed to the thought of a single person. When we widen it only a little, to include Chapter 57, we immediately run into other categories than the sinful. Look at verses 1 and 2:
The righteous perish, and no one ponders it in his heart; devout men are taken away, and no one understands that the righteous are taken away to be spared from evil. Those who walk uprightly enter into peace; they find rest as they lie in death.
So! The prophet has a thought for the righteous, as well as for the wicked, whom he brings forth again in the last verse of the chapter to testify of him:
"There is no peace," says my God, "for the wicked."
The last one in this collection of six quotations that Paul has mustered in defense of his conviction that there is not a single righteous person to be found. It would be surprising if he did not focus at some point on the ungodliness of this universally wicked specie; that is, on it's attitude toward the person of God. So, in Romans 3:18, he returns to a psalm to describe all human beings without exception: "There is no fear of God before his eyes." (Psalm 36:1)
But does the psalmist intend to apply this to every human being? Certainly not, for if we move to v. 10 of the same psalm we find him saying:
Continue your love to those who know you, your righteousness to the upright in heart.
Six out of six wrong! And the book of Romans is supposed to be "inspired by God!" Surely if anyone is supposed to know the proper use of Scriptures, it is God! Are we to believe that these misuses have been authorized by God? How can one believe that the book of Romans is "inspired by God" in the face of such flagrant violations of such basic and elementary principles of "rightly dividing the Word?" And Paul has the gall to say that "we have renounced secret and shameful ways; we do not use deception, nor do we distort the word of God." (2 Cor 4:2).
The thought of the Old Testament, beginning with Cain and Abel, consistently allows for two categories of human beings, the wicked and the righteous, in the manner demonstrated above. If Paul's premise is true, it cannot be established by reference to the Law, the Prophets, or the Psalms. Now we know why his opponents charged him with tampering with the Word of God, and why he was compelled to issue denials in his defense Let’s move on to another example of such shameful misuse in the same book of Romans.
We need to return now to Paul's doctrine of justification by faith only because there is another quotation from the Word that he draws on in its defense, in addition to the arguments centered on the person of Abraham. He has stated his most basic premise at the very outset of Romans. He writes in 1:16-17:
I am not ashamed of the gospel, because it is the power of God for the salvation of everyone who believes: first for the Jew, then for the Gentile. For in the gospel a righteousness from God is revealed, a righteousness that is by faith from first to last, just as it is written: "The righteous will live by faith."
This comes from Habakkuk 2:4. Although it is translated as quoted in Romans 1 in both the KJV and the NIV, from its context, it should be more correctly translated as mentioned in the NIV’s margin: "the righteous will live by his faithfulness." The Hebrew word "muwnaatow" is used 50 other times in the Old Testament (see Analytical Notes on Scripture passages), none of which is used in the sense of "believing by faith." Most of the contexts refer to God’s or man’s faithfulness or steadiness.
In this context it is properly rendered as faithfulness, for it clearly refers to him whose soul is upright and does not fail during a prolonged period of waiting for the fulfillment of the prophets vision of a future deliverance from foreign conquests. Faithfulness, then, applies to the steadfastness of those who patiently wait, and who will in consequence be rewarded at the time of the vision's fulfillment. It does not mean "faith" as belief.
It is not surprising to see Paul applying this prophecy to the coming of the Christ (Messiah) in the work of Jesus. This is a common application, but he interprets the word for faithfulness as faith, applying it to the conviction of the truth of the redemptive work of Christ, which is not justified when its context is considered. The Septuagint similarly errs in using the Greek, pistis, to translate the Hebrew word, for this does mean faith, as Paul understood it. Since Paul was using the Septuagint, this may explain how he came to misunderstand the word in its context. And he made it the cornerstone of his gospel so it looks suspiciously like he has again been found tampering with God's Word. However, the fact that he was using the Septuagint doesn’t excuse an error in what is supposed to be the "inspired Word of God."
His next misuse of Scriptures occurs in Romans 10:5-9
Moses describes in this way the righteousness that is by the law: "The man who does these things will live by them." But the righteousness that is by faith says: "Do not say in your heart, 'Who will ascend into heaven?' " (that is, to bring Christ down) "or 'Who will descend into the deep?' " (that is, to bring Christ up from the dead). But what does it say? "The word is near you; it is in your mouth and in your heart," that is, the word of faith we are proclaiming: That if you confess with your mouth, "Jesus is Lord," and believe in your heart that God raised him from the dead, you will be saved.
Here he is trying to establish that, "Christ is the end of the law so that there may be righteousness for everyone who believes." (Rom 10:4) and he quotes from Deuteronomy 30:12-14 to make his point:
It is not up in heaven, so that you have to ask, "Who will ascend into heaven to get it and proclaim it to us so we may obey it?" Nor is it beyond the sea, so that you have to ask, "Who will cross the sea to get it and proclaim it to us so we may obey it?" No, the word is very near you; it is in your mouth and in your heart so you may obey it.
This is the most blatant misuse of Scripture, to make a point which is the exact opposite of what Scripture said when looked at in context! Deuteronomy 30:12-14 immediately follows verse 11 in which Moses has said, "Now what I am commanding you today is not too difficult for you or beyond your reach." The whole passage (Deu 30:11-14) thus reads,
Now what I am commanding you today is not too difficult for you or beyond your reach. It is not up in heaven, so that you have to ask, "Who will ascend into heaven to get it and proclaim it to us so we may obey it?" Nor is it beyond the sea, so that you have to ask, "Who will cross the sea to get it and proclaim it to us so we may obey it?" No, the word is very near you; it is in your mouth and in your heart so you may obey it.
When seen thus, the misuse becomes obvious. Note what Paul has done. Rather than seek to buttress his argument by the quotation from the Law and the Prophets, because the contradiction was too great even for him, he chose to deliberately contrast his conception of the righteousness based on faith with that based on law according to Moses. And he did it in a very neat way, simply by taking the language of Moses and substituting "Christ" for "the commandment" and "the deep" for "the sea." But by taking the very language of the law and making a parody of it to support an idea that is the direct opposite of the substance of the law – this is surely tampering with the Word of God.
He is seeking to have it both ways. He seeks to affirm his gospel by reference to the scriptures, convinced that the law and the prophets bear witness to it. (Romans 3:21) But where the contradiction is too clear, he does not hesitate to set it aside in favor of his own view, doing so in the language of the law that he has just supplanted, expecting in this way to yet capitalize on his familiarity with the scriptures. "Moses writes…" or so he begins, then the other shoe falls: "but". Moses writes one thing, but the righteousness based on faith says otherwise. Even though he promotes a doctrine that is the opposite of the teaching of the scripture to which he refers, his language yet sounds impressive and scriptural to his readers. The book of Romans was primarily written to Gentiles, who were not even familiar with the Word of God of that day (the OT as we know it today), let alone any experience in "correctly handling" it as the Jews were because of their years of practice. They would be easily taken in by the similarity of language, not even noticing that Paul has just discarded one of Moses cardinal tenets – that the doing of the law is not too hard. Instead of questioning him, his converts will be admiringly saying among themselves, "That Brother Paul! What a master of the scriptures! He surely knows the Word of God!" If this isn't using God's Word deceptively, what is?
But let’s move on to another example, one quite subtle – the one about Jacob and Esau in Romans 9. This is another method of misusing Scripture – of putting two separate, unrelated passages together and coming to a conclusion you could never come to otherwise. Romans 9 is one of the top favorites of Calvinists for it bolsters the belief in predestination like no other passage. In this passage, Paul wants his readers to believe that God loved Jacob and hated Esau before they were born (Rom 9:11-13):
Yet, before the twins were born or had done anything good or bad--in order that God's purpose in election might stand: not by works but by him who calls--she was told, "The older will serve the younger." Just as it is written: "Jacob I loved, but Esau I hated."
The very fact that Paul anticipates the revulsion of his readers to this picture, of someone being hated by God before they are born and had a chance to prove what kind of people they are, and then goes on to ask the obvious question himself ("Is God unjust?" in verse 14) proves that this is exactly what he wants us to believe. The remaining text goes on to build on this premise. If it were not what he intended for us to believe, the rest of the text becomes perfectly meaningless.
Now try to prove this picture from Scripture. Paul supposedly proved this picture from Scripture himself He quotes...
"The older shall serve the younger." As it is written, "Jacob have I loved, but Esau I have hated."
In Paul’s context in Romans 9:11-13, the second of the two phrases appears to have been spoken by God in the very next—if not the same—breath, at a time before Jacob and Esau were born. If this were not the case, his argument is meaningless. The first phrase was indeed spoken before they were born. So it would make sense that if God did hate Esau before he was born as Paul wants us to believe, God probably spoke the next phrase at that same time. Guess what? The first quote comes from the first book of the Bible, Genesis 25:23, and the second comes from the very last book of the OT, Malachi 1:1-4, and was spoken over a thousand years after Esau had died! And, it is obvious from the context in which it is found that God is speaking of Esau’s descendants the nation of Edom and not Esau himself. And this is long after Esau's descendants had the opportunity to do "any good or evil". God spoke this after Edom had proven to be evil and deserving of God’s hatred. Nowhere in the Genesis passage is there any indication whatsoever that God hated Esau before he was born!
The fact is, God said He would make a great nation of Esau. Just because God promised to make an even greater nation of his brother, or that he would serve his brother, is in no way a curse on Esau or evidence that God hated him. Those who might desperately reach for the argument that the word "hated" doesn’t really mean hate, but means Esau was blessed less by comparison, must answer the question of why Paul anticipated the revulsion to his picture, and why he anticipates and asks the question himself. In doing so, he has admitted that there is an apparent great injustice in it! If Paul had the presence of mind to anticipate a simple misunderstanding, why didn’t he have the presence of mind to answer that question with a simple answer? All he would have had to say is, " Don't misunderstand, God still loved Esau." Also bear in mind the fact that the Hebrew word from Malachi which Paul quotes ("saaneetiy") means nothing less that "hate". And the fact that Paul continues to build on the unjust-appearing premise that God can actually hate some individuals before they are even born proves that this is the picture he wants us to accept. The Calvinist's exegesis of Paul's words in Romans 9 is quite accurate. It means what we normally understand it to mean – that God loved Jacob and hated Esau before they were born. However, the Old Testament shows a different picture!
With such misuses, no wonder the church father Jerome had this to say about Paul:
"I say nothing of the Latin authors, of Tertullian, Cyprian, Minutius, Victorianus, Lactantius, Hilary, lest I should appear not so much to be defending myself as to be assailing others. I will only mention the APOSTLE PAUL. ... He, then, if anyone, ought to be calumniated; we should speak thus to him: 'The proofs which you have used against the Jews and against other heretics bear a different meaning in their own contexts to that which they bear in your Epistles. We see passages taken captive by your pen and pressed into service to win you a victory, which in volumes from which they are taken have no controversial bearing at all ... the line so often adopted by strong men in controversy -- of justifying the means by the result." (Jerome, Epist. to Pammachus, xlviii, 13; Nicene & Post-Nicene Fathers. vi, 72-73; See post, p. 230. available at: http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/3001048.htm)
And Jerome should know a thing or two about the correct handling of the Bible – it was he who translated the entire Bible into Latin to create the Vulgate! Enough said. It’s time to conclude.